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The most significant recent paper on this topic is the 2025 study titled "Operating Properties of the Inductive Current Transformer and Evaluation of Requirements for Its Compliance with the IEC 61869-1 WB2 Class Extension for Frequency up to 20 kHz". Summary of the Paper
This paper addresses the latest 2023 revision of the IEC 61869-1 standard, which introduced optional wideband accuracy classes (WB0 to WB4) to handle higher harmonics in modern power grids. It specifically explores the WB2 class, which requires accuracy for frequencies up to 20 kHz.
Core Objective: Design and test a high-accuracy (0.1-WB2) inductive current transformer (iCT) using nanocrystalline materials to meet new wideband standards without needing complex electronic compensation.
Key Finding: The paper demonstrates that proper magnetic core design (minimizing the magnetic flux path and limiting secondary load) allows conventional iCTs to maintain high accuracy across a 50 Hz to 20 kHz range. iec 618691 pdf hot
Significance: This is a "hot" topic because it addresses the growing need for power quality monitoring in grids dominated by high-frequency switching inverters (renewable energy). Key References for IEC 61869-1 (2023 Revision)
The 2023 edition is the current "active" version and includes several major updates:
Merger with Part 6: It now incorporates additional general requirements for Low Power Instrument Transformers (LPITs).
Expanded Scope: Now covers equipment for high-voltage (HV) applications where nominal voltage is >1 kV AC or >1.5 kV DC.
Digital Integration: Defines error limits for both analogue and digital secondary signals, working in tandem with the IEC 61869-9 digital interface standard. Why it matters: Compliance with IEC 61869 ensures
Testing Revisions: Introduced new classifications for special tests, type tests, and commissioning tests to improve reliability in the field.
For further detailed technical specifications, you can access the full standard or previews at the IEC Webstore or through the iTeh Standards Preview.
EN IEC 61869-9:2019 - Digital Interface for Instrument Transformers
The "hottest" sub-part of this standard is IEC 61869-15 (LPITs for digital substations). As the grid moves toward IEC 61850 (communication networks for substations), engineers need the PDF to figure out how these new sensors work with merging units.
IEC 61869-1 is the first part of the IEC 61869 series, titled “Instrument transformers – Part 1: General requirements.” It serves as the umbrella standard for all instrument transformers, including Current Transformers (CTs) and Voltage Transformers (VTs). If you want, I can:
Published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), this standard outlines the general definitions, testing methods, safety requirements, and marking rules for instrument transformers used in electrical power systems.
Before the 61869 series, the industry relied on the IEC 60044 standards (e.g., IEC 60044-6 for CTs). So, why the change?
The older standards were developed primarily for conventional electromagnetic transformers. However, modern grids now utilize Electronic Instrument Transformers (EITs) and digital communication protocols. IEC 60044 was fragmented and struggled to cover these new technologies uniformly.
IEC 61869 was introduced to create a unified framework that applies to:
IEC 61869-1 acts as the "constitution" for this new series, ensuring that whether you are using a legacy oil-paper CT or a modern optical sensor, the core definitions and safety criteria remain consistent.