Prior to the modern era, borders were fluid, often defined by the reach of a monarch’s army. The 19th and 20th centuries introduced the concept of the Nation-State—a political entity where the cultural boundaries of a "nation" (a group of people) align with the territorial boundaries of a "state."
Geographic Conflict: The redrawing of maps became a primary source of conflict.
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North America
Latin America
Africa
Middle East & North Africa
South Asia
East & Southeast Asia
Oceania
A good PDF will draw lines between the past and present: Prior to the modern era, borders were fluid,