Animals cannot verbally report pain. Therefore, validated pain scoring systems rely entirely on behavioral observation.
Traditionally, veterinarians focused on physiology and pathology, while behaviorists focused on psychology and learning theory. Modern practice recognizes that physical health influences behavior, and behavior impacts physical health. zooskool 07 simone simply simoneavi exclusive
Key Rule: Drugs are rarely a cure on their own. They are a bridge to allow the animal to learn new behaviors through training. Animals cannot verbally report pain